La infancia, la constitución de la subjetividad y la crisis ética

Abstract

Este trabajo trata sobre los efectos de la crisis ética en la constitución de la subjetividad, diferenciando entre una ética ligada a la vida y una ética en la que impera Tánatos. Se habla de la incidencia de los valores parentales en la estructuración psíquica del niño y del modo en que opera el ideal del yo cultural. A través de ejemplos clínicos se desarrollan las dificultades que debe enfrentar un niño para cualificar sensaciones, armar cadenas representacionales, traducir afectos, construir una imagen de sí, cuando desde los otros prevalece la violencia, la mentira, la confusión. Se exponen los riesgos posibles y las patologías resultantes. Se concluye que la ausencia de ideales, así como el predominio de comportamientos transgresores en los padres y en la comunidad en general, deja al niño sin caminos alternativos, librado a su propio devenir pulsional, aterrado frente al terremoto interno-externo. Por último, se afirma como meta del psicoanálisis con niños la apertura de posibilidades creativas, como expresión del predominio de Eros.

This paper deals with the effects exerted by the current ethical crisis on the constitution of subjectivity. To this effect, it is proposed that a line be drawn so as to differentiate two opposite ethics: one linked with life, and the other ruled by Thanatos. The incidence of the values held by the parents as regards the child’s psychic construction is discussed, as well as the ways in which the cultural ego ideal works. With the aid of clinical examples, the difficulties that children experience in a situation in which violence, untruthfulness and confusion are prevalent among the others, to furnish sensations with quality, to assemble chains of representations, to translate affects and to construct a self-image are examined. The attending possible risks and derived pathologic states are discussed. It is concluded that both the lack of ideals and the predominance of transgressive behaviour, to be found not only in the parents, but in the community at large, deprive the child of any alternate pathway which he may follow and place him at the mercy of whatever his own drives might become, facing the inner-outer upheaval in a terrified state. Finally, it is asserted that the goal of psichoanalysis with children lies in the opening of creative possibilities, inasmuch as they express the predominance of Eros