Continuidad entre las facetas de ansiedad del dominio neuroticismo y su variante desadaptativa

Abstract

El Neuroticismo (N), a pesar de ser un rasgo de personalidad normal, es vinculado al padecimiento de diversas psicopatologias. A partir de la propuesta dimensional del DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) basada en el Modelo de los Cinco Grandes, se identificó un polo desadaptativo para este dominio. En este estudio se buscó aportar evidencias de la continuidad entre la faceta de Ansiedad normal y su variante desadaptativa, la faceta de Ansiedad de la Afectividad Negativa (AN), aplicando el Modelo de Respuesta Graduada (MRG) a dos escalas que miden estas facetas. Participaron 619 personas de población general (64.3% mujeres), quienes respondieron un protocolo que incluyó 9 ítems de la faceta de Ansiedad de N del Banco de Items de Neuroticismo (BIN) y los 9 ítems de la faceta Ansiedad de AN del Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). La aplicacion preliminar del MRG a los 18 items, requirió eliminar dos items que presentaron parametros con valores fuera de lo esperable (uno de ellos perteneciente al BIN y el otro al PID-5). Posteriormente, se calibraron los items retenidos. Se corroboró la unidimensionalidad y que los items no presentaran dependencia local. Todos mostraron un buen ajuste al modelo. Se aportaron evidencias de la continuidad postulada entre ambas facetas. Se realizaron pruebas no parametricas para comparar las zonas de actuación de los items de cada instrumento. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p> 0.05), lo que indica un marcado solapamiento en la localizacion de los items procedentes de ambas escalas en el continuo del rasgo que conforman la Ansiedad normal y la patologica.

Neuroticism (N), despite being a normal personality trait, is linked to the suffering of several psychopathologies. From the dimensional proposal of the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) based on the Big Five Model, a maladaptive pole was identified for this domain. In this study, we sought to provide evidence of the continuity between the normal Anxiety facet and its maladaptive variant, the Anxiety facet of Negative Affectivity (AN), applying the Graded Response Model (GRM) to two scales that measure these facets. A total of 619 general population subjects (64.3% female) participated, who responded to a protocol that included 9 items from the Anxiety facet of N from the Neuroticism Item Bank (BIN) and the 9 items from the Anxiety facet of AN from the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5). The preliminary application of the MRG to the 18 items required the elimination of two items that presented parameters with values outside the expected (one of them belonging to the BIN and the other to the PID-5). Subsequently, the retained items were calibrated. Unidimensionality was corroborated and the items were checked for local dependence. All showed a good fit to the model. Evidence was provided for the postulated continuity between the two facets. Non-parametric tests were performed to compare the performance zones of the items of each instrument. No significant differences were found (p> 0.05), indicating a marked overlap in the location of items from both scales in the trait continuum of normal and pathological anxiety.